14: Know and Understand
Answer the following questions using the information provided in this chapter.
True or False?
The characteristics of a water source influence the resources, tools, and materials needed to design an efficient irrigation system.
A. True
B. False
A public water system may draw water from _____.
A. wells
B. rivers
C. reservoirs
D. All of the above.
Which of the following is used to indicate the water in the system is reclaimed wastewater?
A. Red piping and heads.
B. Purple piping and heads.
C. Green piping and heads.
D. Any of the above.
Which of the following water sources is most common in rural areas?
A. Farm ponds.
B. Wells.
C. Reservoirs.
D. Lakes.
True or False?
A well’s output is the flow of water measured in gallons per hour.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
The amount of water an irrigation system applies is measured in gallons per minute.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
The output of individual sprinkler heads is commonly measured in gallons per minute (gpm).
A. True
B. False
Which of the following is used in a system where there is insufficient pressure?
A. A pressure pump.
B. A pressure irrigator.
C. A pressure tank.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following temporarily holds excess water that eventually drains completely?
A. A retention pond.
B. A detention pond.
C. An intention pond.
D. A filtration pond.
Which of the following holds a permanent pool of water that may be used for irrigation?
A. A retention pond.
B. A detention pond.
C. An intention pond.
D. A filtration pond.
The science and technology of the movement of liquids is _____.
A. hydroponics
B. mnemonics
C. hydraulics
D. histrionics
True or False?
There must be sufficient pressure applied to the water to create enough water pressure to force the water to the desired location.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following statements is true about water pressure?
A. Too low results in large droplets and possibly improper coverage.
B. Too high results in too fine a mist, creating drift and improper coverage
C. Consistent pressure results in uniform water application.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following factors must be considered when designing an irrigation system?
A. A decrease in elevation will increase water pressure.
B. Water pressure increases as it flows with gravity.
C. Friction will not affect water pressure.
D. All of the above.
True or False?
The amount of water pressure lost through friction depends on the pipe’s internal texture, length, and diameter and the flow rate of the water.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
A smaller pipe diameter can be used to decrease water pressure whereas a larger pipe can be used to raise water pressure while increasing volume.
A. True
B. False
Of the following, which is a mechanical device used to move or distribute water from its source to where it is needed?
A. Lateral line.
B. Mainline.
C. Pump.
D. Valve.
Which of the following is used to control water flow at various points in the system or to cut all water supply?
A. Controller.
B. Mainline.
C. Pump.
D. Valve.
Which of the following is used to prevent water from flowing back into the water supply lines?
A. Backflow preventer.
B. Control valve.
C. Backflow line.
D. Mainline controller.
Which of the following is required to connect the water supply to each individual zone?
A. Control valve.
B. Lateral line.
C. Mainline valve.
D. Pump controller.
Which of the following is a large diameter pipe that carries water to the lines connected to the sprinkler heads or emitters?
A. Lateral line.
B. Mainline.
C. Pump line.
D. Valve line.
Which of the following is a smaller diameter pipe that carries water from the mainline to the sprinkler head or emitter?
A. Lateral line.
B. Mainline.
C. Pump line.
D. Valve line.
Which of the following is a piping material that is cost efficient, readily available, lightweight, and corrosion-resistant?
A. PEX.
B. Polyethylene pipe.
C. PVC.
D. Copper pipe.
Which of the following is a piping material made with zinc-coated metal?
A. PVC.
B. PEX.
C. Polyethylene pipe.
D. Galvanized pipe.
Which of the following is a flexible piping material made from high-density polyethylene?
A. PVC.
B. PEX.
C. Copper pipe.
D. Galvanized pipe.
Which of the following is a piping material that may be colored and can be used above ground?
A. PVC.
B. PEX.
C. Polyethylene pipe.
D. Galvanized pipe.
Which of the following is a piping material that is used in high-water pressure areas of in irrigation system’s tubing, such as around valve connections and meters?
A. Copper pipe.
B. Polyethylene pipe.
C. Galvanized pipe.
D. PVC.
True or False?
Fittings control the layout of the pipe as well as the water pressure and flow rate.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
Some of the actions an irrigation controller can manage include timing, duration, location, and the amount of water applied.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following factors affect the type of system that would be appropriate for a given site?
A. The available water volume.
B. The static water pressure.
C. Type of land being irrigated.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following sprinkler heads are used in small areas of a landscape?
A. Pop-up.
B. Impact rotary head.
C. Gear-driven rotary head.
D. Large turf rotor.
Which of the following is an advantage of pop-up sprinkler heads?
A. Prevents tripping.
B. Allows mowing.
C. Aesthetically pleasing.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following are commonly used in commercial landscape settings?
A. Pop-up rotary head.
B. Impact rotary head.
C. Gear-driven rotary head.
D. Large gear rotor.
True or False?
The area of a circle irrigated by a sprinkler head is the riser.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
The area of a circle irrigated by a sprinkler head is the arc.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following uses a spring-loaded or weighted arm, which is propelled by water pressure?
A. Gear-driven rotary head.
B. Turf rotary head.
C. Impact rotary head.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following applies the large amounts of water needed on athletic fields or golf courses in a very short time?
A. Turf rotor.
B. Impact rotor.
C. Gear-driven rotor.
D. Pop-up rotor.
True or False?
Drip irrigation uses emitters to apply water to the root zone and uses as much as 50% less water than traditional sprinkler systems.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
Micro-sprinkler systems conserve more water than drip irrigation systems.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
The irrigation designer uses the landscape design as a guide to determine where water is needed and what type of equipment should be used.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following statements apply to a landscape design?
A. Must be drawn accurately to scale.
B. Must include the location of buildings, driveways, and walkways.
C. Must identify the main water source(s).
D. All of the above.
True or False?
There are no variances in the symbols different designers use to indicate system components.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following factors affect the water requirements of a landscape?
A. Humidity levels, soil type, and plant species.
B. The location of the utility lines.
C. The height of the street curb and sidewalk width.
D. All of the above.
True or False?
Soil types affect irrigation needs because they absorb water at different rates and have different limits as to how much water they can hold.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
The species of plants used in a design have little impact on water requirements.
A. True
B. False
The maximum amount of water (flow) that will be available for use at one time is an irrigation system’s _____.
A. install capacity
B. pressure capacity
C. design capacity
D. base capacity
If the design capacity is 28 gpm and the sprinkler heads each use 5 gpm, how many heads may be in operation at the same time?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 8
If the design capacity is 36 gpm and the sprinkler heads each use 8 gpm, how many heads may be in operation at the same time?
A. 4
B. 4.5
C. 4.75
D. 5
What would the precipitation rate in an irrigation system be if the design capacity allowed for 25 gpm and covered 4350 ft
2
?
A. 0.59″
B. 0.62″
C. 0.47″
D. 0.55″
If the precipitation rate for an irrigation system is 0.55″, and it has a capacity for 30 gpm, what amount of area does it cover?
A. 4670 ft²
B. 5250 ft²
C. 3790 ft²
D. 6350 ft²
A measure of how evenly water is applied throughout a site in each irrigation zone is referred to as _____.
A. head-to-head coverage
B. uniform placement
C. distribution uniformity
D. sequential coverage
True or False?
Valves for each zone may be placed in the same location to form a valve manifold.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
All system pipes should be laid with the fewest possible turns to ensure maximum water flow to the sprinklers.
A. True
B. False
To reduce risk of cutting utility lines, all digging should be done within ____.
A. 5″ to 10″ of marked lines
B. 12″ to 20″ of marked lines
C. 18″ to 24″ of marked lines
D. 36″ to 48″ of marked lines
The point of connection is the location where the irrigation system connects to the _____.
A. sprinkler heads
B. risers
C. manifold
D. water supply
True or False?
The irrigation contractor marks the location of the lines and sprinkler heads with paint before installing the system.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
The frost line is the minimum depth below which the soil does not freeze.
A. True
B. False
A manual or electric pump that is used to move water is referred to as a _____.
A. sump pump
B. trench pump
C. line pump
D. mainline pump
In which order should the irrigation pipes be laid?
A. Valve manifold, mainline, lateral lines, and spray heads.
B. Mainline, valve manifold, lateral lines, and spray heads.
Which of the following tools should be used to cut PVC pipe?
A. Fine-tooth hacksaw and miter box.
B. PVC pipe cutter.
C. Power saw with a fine-toothed blade.
D. All of the above.
Before connecting PVC pipe to a fitting, the inside of the PVC fitting should be cleaned and _____.
A. drained
B. abraded
C. primed
D. All of the above.
True or False?
Barbed fittings and hose clamps are commonly used to connect galvanized pipe.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
Flexible polyethylene pipe is connected by screwing the pipes together with threads and thread tape.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
The sprinkler heads installed on a lawn are the same as those used to water hedges or a vegetable garden.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
Pop-up head sprinklers are installed at grade to avoid breakage from foot traffic or lawn maintenance equipment.
A. True
B. False
The pipe connecting to the last sprinkler head should have a minimum diameter of _____.
A. 1/4″
B. 1/2″
C. 3/4″
D. 1″
Which of the following methods of attachment allows the sprinkler head to be moved and installed exactly where it is needed?
A. Rigid risers.
B. Saddle fittings.
C. Flexible pipe.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following methods of attachment will likely break the lateral line if the attachment is broken?
A. Rigid risers.
B. Saddle fittings.
C. Flexible pipe.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following methods of attachment is used solely with polyethylene pipe?
A. Rigid risers.
B. Saddle fittings.
C. Flexible pipe.
D. All of the above.
True or False?
Irrigation wire should be installed to the side or under the pipe in a pipe trench.
A. True
B. False
In a multi-strand system, the white wire connected to each zone is the _____.
A. decoder wire
B. odd wire
C. common wire
D. connection wire
True or False?
A decoder is located at every other valve in a two-wire decoder system.
A. True
B. False
The system must be flushed before it is tested. What purpose does flushing serve?
A. To check for leaks.
B. To check wire connections.
C. To remove all debris.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following indicates there may be a problem with the irrigation system?
A. Flooded area between sprinkler heads.
B. There is a spike in water use.
C. There is water in the manifold boxes.
D. All of the above.
True or False?
The sprinkler heads used to replace broken heads may be a different type of sprinkler head than others in the zone.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
If the system becomes unresponsive to the controller, the technician should remove any debris in and around the control valve before replacing the valve.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
Larger diameter pipe is flexible and may be able to be repaired with new sections of pipe and couplings.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
A reduction in water pressure in irrigation systems may be caused by dirty nozzles or irrigation lines.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
An irrigation system should be winterized to prevent damage from water freezing in the pipes.
A. True
B. False
True or False?
The steps for winterizing an irrigation system depend on the layout of the system and its location.
A. True
B. False
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