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Stress Distribution Within a Body (Bending and Torsion)
Sometimes, two or more forces are exerted on the body at once. This is known as combined loading.
A combination of off-center forces creates a distribution of stress called bending. In this example, a loading pattern involving oppositely directed forces causes bending.
When oppositely directed twisting forces act on a structure, the stress distribution is known as torsion. Torsion can also occur when a single twisting force is applied and one end of the structure is fixed, meaning it does not move.
Each day, the human body sustains a variety of forces. Combined loading resulting in bending and torsion are common injury mechanisms.